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The Pakistan Telecommunication Authority (PTA) has blocked over 6.5 million pornographic websites using its Web Monitoring System (WMS), official documents reveal. The system, managed by telecom operators including PTCL, TWA, mobile providers, and long-distance operators, is part of their license obligations. WMS is a private initiative, funded entirely by the operators, with no government money involved.
WMS has been operational in some form since 2008 and is regularly upgraded to monitor internet bandwidth effectively. Its main purpose is to prevent grey traffic and block objectionable online content. The system is not designed to shut down or slow down internet traffic. However, it has also been used since February 2025 to block Indian content spreading misinformation and carrying out cyberattacks against Pakistan. Twitter was also temporarily blocked under government direction using the WMS.
Legal Authority and Rules for Content Blocking
Under the Prevention of Electronic Crimes Act (PECA) 2016, PTA is authorized to remove or block unlawful online content. Section 37(1) allows content removal for reasons including public order, morality, national security, the glory of Islam, and contempt of court.
The Federal Government later issued the Removal and Blocking of Unlawful Online Content Rules in 2021, which provide a detailed procedure for content blocking. These rules include notice issuance, hearing opportunities for content providers, and structured complaint mechanisms.
The rules set strict compliance timelines, requiring action within 48 hours or 12 hours in emergencies. They also protect the confidentiality of complainants in sensitive cases. Rule 5(7) allows PTA to enforce measures, including system blocking, service degradation, or fines up to PKR 500 million. Individuals affected by these actions can request a review from the Authority and appeal to the High Court, ensuring judicial oversight.
