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In today’s world, cyber warfare has become a powerful tool for countries to target each other. It involves hacking digital systems like power grids, banking systems, or government websites. These attacks can be just as dangerous as bombs.
The U.S. defines cyberspace as a digital battleground where electronics and networks are used to store and share data. Every country relies on the internet for its military, banking, healthcare, and education systems. That makes cybersecurity extremely important.
India’s Cyber Strength
India started investing in its IT sector back in the 1990s. With time, it became one of the world’s biggest tech hubs. In 2021, India’s IT exports were worth billions of dollars. It has built strong cyber alliances and advanced technologies, both for civilian and military use.
India has been accused of launching cyberattacks on Pakistan. These include hacking government websites like the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the National Assembly. This shows India’s intent to use cyber tools for pressure and strategic advantage.
The Indian government has built strong public-private tech partnerships. Companies like Bharat Electronics Ltd (BEL) and TATA work with the military to improve electronic and cyber capabilities. India also launched the Defence Intelligence Agency and modernized its Air Force with systems like AWACS and Phalcon radars.
Pakistan’s Cyber Journey
Pakistan began developing its cyber response in 2003. It formed a Cyber Crime branch and later passed the Pakistan Electronic Crimes Act in 2016. Projects like NADRA, Safe City, and e-tax systems are part of its digital transformation.
To improve cybersecurity, Pakistan launched a framework for a Telecom Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT). However, limited private sector investment and a shortage of experts remain key challenges.
In 2020, the Pakistan Air Force launched the CENTAIC (Center for Artificial Intelligence and Computing), focusing on AI and machine learning for defense. There’s speculation that this tech was used during Operation Swift Retort after the 2019 Balakot airstrikes.
In 2022, the Pakistan Army announced its Cyber Command, focusing on emerging tech, possibly including AI.
AI and Military Technology
India is not just focused on IT exports. It’s investing heavily in military AI. Under the “Make in India” program, it’s developing smart drones, AI-based surveillance, and high-tech combat systems.
India’s CAIR (Centre for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics) works on autonomous systems like drones, path-finding bots, and border security tools. The Tapas-BH (Rustom 2) drone is a sign of India’s ambition in this area.
Pakistan is also moving forward. In 2019, it launched a military drone using Selex Galileo tech. The Navy added advanced UAVs to improve maritime security. Tools like the LUNA NG UAVs help Pakistan boost surveillance and ISR (intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance) capabilities.
Where Do They Stand Now?
India has a clear lead in cyber and AI warfare. It has invested in its IT and defence tech for over two decades, developed a stronger ecosystem, and formed global partnerships. It’s also racing against China to become an AI superpower.
Pakistan has made important progress, but still lags. Its AI and cyber efforts are growing, especially in the military domain, but challenges like a lack of funding, experts, and long-term policy planning slow it down.
Amid ongoing political and military tensions, especially over Kashmir and recent border issues, the digital battlefield has become just as important as physical borders. Cyberattacks and AI-driven military tools could play a major role in future conflicts.
Final Thoughts
Both countries are strengthening their digital defences, but the race is uneven. India has built a strong, multi-sector approach with public and private collaboration. Pakistan is catching up, especially through military-focused programs, but it needs deeper investment and consistent strategies.
As cyber threats grow, cooperation in regional cyber norms might help prevent digital war from escalating into real-world conflict. But given current tensions, both India and Pakistan seem more focused on digital dominance than collaboration.
